What is Netlimiter?

NetLimiter is an internet traffic control and monitoring tool designed for Windows.

We can use NetLimiter to set download/upload transfer rate limits for applications or even single connection and monitor their internet traffic.

Netlimiter also offers comprehensive set of internet statistical tools. It includes real-time traffic measurement and long-term per-application internet traffic statistics.

HIGHLIGHTS:

1. Network Monitor

NetLimiter shows list of all applications communicating over network. It will show connections, transfer-rates and more.

2. Bandwidth-Limiter/Bandwidth Shaper

You can use NetLimiter to set download or upload transfer rate limits for applications, connections or groups of them.
With limits we can easily manage internet connection?s bandwidth (bandwidth shaper or bandwidth controller)

3. Statistical tool

This feature lets you to track your internet traffic history since you've installed NetLimiter.

4.Additional network information

NetLimiter 2 provides you with and additional information like WHOIS, traceroute etc.

5. Rule scheduler (and more...)

Remote administration, Personal firewall, Running as WinNT service, User rights, Chart, Advanced Rule editor and scheduler, Zone based traffic management...

MAIN FEATURES:

- Limits

We can use NetLimiter to set download/upload transfer rate limits for applications/connections. With limits we can easily manage our internet connection?s bandwidth (bandwidth shaper) and share it among all applications running on your computer.

- Grants

When we set grant for application/connection then it means that we grant specified bandwidth for it. If other application/connections take too much bandwidth, then it is taken from them and is given to application/connection with granted bandwidth.

- Network monitor

NetLimiter shows list of all applications communicating over network  with their connections and transfer rates.

- Personal firewall functionality

We can allow/deny certain applications to connect to/from any network.

- Zones

NetLimiter monitors and controls traffic separately on three predefined zones - My Computer, Local Network and Internet. For example, we can limit the traffic rate of our browser downloading from the Internet and let it download from intranet at full speed.

- Filters

With filters we can define groups of connections/applications and then apply rules to them.

- Rule editor and scheduler

Rule editor helps us to create advanced rules. For example, we can create limit/firewall rule for a group of applications which is valid only in a given time interval.

- Network manager

Using Network manager we can assign networks present on you computer to NetLimiter zones. It's also possible to add your own networks.

- Statistics

NetLimiter stats module is intended for long-term measurement of internet traffic. This feature lets us to track our internet traffic history since we have installed NetLimiter. NetLimiter is able to automatically export statistical data to disk.

- Traffic chart

Traffic chart shows application's or connection's real time activity.

- Remote administration

We can control and monitor other computers remotely from one place.

To know more Click Here

IDs and CLASSs in CSS...

IDs and CLASSs in CSS:

Apart from styles for a HTML tag CSS aslo allows us to specify our own selectors called "id" and "class".

ID SELECTOR:

The id selector is used to specify a style for a single and unique element. The id selector uses id attribute of HTML-element and it's defined with a #.

#ID1
{
text-align:right;
color:blue;
}

CLASS SELECTOR:

Class selector is used to specify a style for a group of HTML elements. Class selector is most often used on several HTML elements. This allows you to set a particular style for any HTML elements with the same class.

The class selector uses the HTML class attribute, and is defined with a "."

A.left
{
text-align:left;
}

According to the line above all A elements with class="left" will be left aligned.

NOTE: Ids/Calsses does not work in Mozilla/Firefox if their names start with a number.

Basics of CSS and how its useful for your website...

Basics of CSS and how its useful for your website

Cascading Style Sheets

- Styles define  how to display HTML elements
- Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
- External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
- External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

Development of large web sites where fonts and color information were added to every single page became a long and expensive process because of repetitive inserstion of required tags.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS to solve this problem...

CSS SYNTAX:

A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations.Each declaration consists of a property and a value.The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each property has a value.

/* Commnets */
H1
{
color:blue;
text-align:left;
}

What are Checkpoints in QTP?

What are Checkpoints in QTP?

A checkpoint is a verification point that compares a current value for a specified property with the expected value for that property.

Types of Checkpoints in QTP:

- Standard Checkpoint: Checks the property value of the object in an application or Webpage. It checks buttons,Radiobuttons,Comboboxes etc

- Bitmap checkpoint: Checks the value of an image in the application.

- Text checkpoins: Checks whether the text string is displayed in the appropriate place in your application or on a Web page

- Text Area checkpoint
- Database checkpoint: Checks the contents of a database accessed by the application

- XML Checkpoint: Checks the data content of XML documents in the application.

Note:
- Before creating checkpoints on web objects we have to select web-test option in ADD-IN Manager.
- If the objects developed in HTML we can use Standard Check point.
- If the Objects developed in XML we can use XML Check point.

How Checkpoints work?

In Checkpoints, we define what should be the state of an object at particular time. e.g.- If I have an application where a particular button gets enabled on some specific operation. I will automate that operation and will apply a checkpoint that Button should be enabled and its value should be 'OK'.... So we apply checkpoint on properties of different types of objects..

Sample Objects that QuickTest can be verified:

Windows:
- Window
- Edit-Field
- Drop-Down List
- Menu command
- Radio Button
- Checkbox
- Windows Object
- Status Bar
- Text Area

WEB:
- Browser
- Text Area
- Text Link
- Images
- Image Link
- Edit Field
- Drop Down List
- checkbox
- Radio Button
- Tables/Grids
- web Elements

What is Synchronization in QTP?

What is Synchronization in QTP?

Synchronization refers to adding a step in the script that instructs Quick Test to wait for a particular object before proceeding to the next step during playback.
   
When do we need SYNCHRONIZATION ?

       When you observe that the application takes a longer time to process information sent or respond to a client request, add a synchronization step while recording. E.g.-:
   
    - A progress bar to reach 100%.
    - A button to become enabled...
   - A window or pop-up message to open.
   
How to Add Synchronization?

    - Synchronization can be added only during recording.
    - Identify the object to be synchronized.
    - Navigate to the window where the object is located.
    - Locate the step in the test that corresponds to the object.
    - Start recording and add the synchronization point.

Two Ways of Setting Synchronization Point?

    1. Global synchronization value for all Objects:

        Instructs Quick Test to wait for all the objects for a specific amount of time.

        MENU > TEST > SETTINGS > RUN > "Object Synchronization Timeout" : For every object in the test, Quick Test can wait a maximum number of milliseconds specified in the settings

     2. Synchronization of a specific Object:

         Instructs Quick Test to wait for a specific object only.

        Menu > Insert > Step > Synchronization Point

Quick Test shall pause the test until the object property achieves the value specified (or until the specific timeout amount is exceeded)...
       
Quick Test uses one of the object’s properties as the waiting criteria. E.g. ‘Text’ property for window, ‘Label’ property for buttons etc...

What are different recording modes in QTP???

1) Normal recording

It is used for recording the operations perform at different contacts on the standard GUI objects.

2) Analog Recording

It is used for recording the continuous operations.

3) Low-level Recording

It is special recording mode provided by QTP, which is used for recording the minimum operations on the non-Supported environments also.

1.     It will generate the corresponding test script statement for every user action.
2.     It will also store the required related information in the object repository.

What is Smart Identification in QTP?

What is Smart Identification in QTP?

When QuickTest uses the learned description to identify an object, it searches for an object that matches all of the property values in the description. In most cases, this description is thesimplest way to identify the object and unless the main properties of the object change this methodwill work.

If QuickTest is unable to find any object that matches the learned object description or if it finds more than one object that fits the description, then QuickTest ignores the learned description and uses the Smart Identification mechanism to try to identify the object.

Smart Identification mechanism is more complex and very flexible. If configured logically a SmartIdentification definition can probably help QuickTest identification of an object if it is present even when the learned description fails.

The Smart Identification mechanism uses two types of properties:

1) Base Filter Properties:

The most fundamental properties of a particular test object class whose values cannot be changed without changing the essence of the original object. For example, if Web link's tag was changed from to any other value, you could no longer call it the same object.

2) Optional Filter Properties:

Other properties that can help identify objects of a particular class. These properties are unlikely to change on a regular basis but can be ignored if they are no longer applicable.

What are Ordinal Identifiers in QTP?

What are Ordinal Identifiers in QTP?

If QTP feels that its unable to uniquely identify an object on the basis of Mandatory and Assitive properties then it looks for Ordinal Identifiers.

        # Generally we should not encourage the Ordinal Identifier but when the application is Stable then we may use it.

        # Once the application is stable then only we go for Automation, till such time we do only manual testing.

There are three types of ordinal identifiers that QuickTest can use to identify an object:

1.    Index
2.    LOcation
3.    Creation Time

1. "Index" Indicates the order in which the object appears in the application code relative to other objects with an otherwise identical description.

2. "Location" Indicates the order in which the object appears within the parent window frame/dialog box relative to other objects with an otherwise identical description.

3. "CreationTime" (Browser object only) Indicates the order in which the browser was opened relative to other open browsers with an otherwise identical description

Whats is an Object Repository in QTP?

Whats is Object Repository in QTP:

It's defined as a Storage place where we can store the Objects' information and it also act as an Interface between the Test Script and AUT in order to Identify the Object during the execution.

Types of Object Repository:

    1. Per-Action Repository
     2. Shared Repository

Per-Action Repository:

For every action a Separate individual repository is created automatically and managed by QTP.   

•    Per-action repository  can’t be Re-usable
•    Space  required for storage is Less
•    Execution speed is fast

Shared Repository:

Repository needs to be associated to the corresponding test manually.

•    For long run we go for shared repository even though we need to create manully.
•    Shared repository can be re-usable
•    Space  required for storage is more
•    Execution speed is slow
•    Easily maintenance